Abstracts

Electronic health care in the European Union from a pharmacist’s perspective

Iveta Štempeľová^1,2, Monika Holécyová¹

¹University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, SLOVAKIA
²Masaryk University, Faculty of Pharmacy,  CZECH REPUBLIC

e-mail: iveta.stempelova@uvlf.sk

The ageing of the population and the increase in the number of patients is associated with increasing demands for the provision of high quality healthcare. The main objective of the implementation of the electronic health care (eHealth) system and its functions is to use information and communication technologies to provide the right information at the right time in the right place in all stages and processes of health care of citizens, which will not only improve the efficiency and quality of the health care provided, but also improve the quality of life of patients. The paper introduces the topic of eHealth in the European Union with a focus on eHealth in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic from the perspective of a pharmacist. It describes the history of the introduction of eHealth from the first attempts to the current state, compares the dispensing of medicines before the introduction of eHealth and at present, describes the legislative framework that regulates the computerization of health care in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. It also informs about the views and experiences of a selected group of pharmacists and patients with the use of eHealth services in practice, with the aim of highlighting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the introduction of electronic prescription into practice.

Presentation / Poster

The profession of pharmacist and the Slovak Chamber of Pharmacists

Iveta Štempeľová^1,2, Monika Holécyová¹

¹University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, SLOVAKIA
²Masaryk University, Faculty of Pharmacy,  CZECH REPUBLIC

e-mail: iveta.stempelova@uvlf.sk

Already in the 13th century, the Jewish pharmacist Abul Muná ibn Abí Nasr described pharmacy, together with medicine, as the most noble sciences. Pharmacists are qualified, university-educated healthcare professionals. At the same time, they are the final link in healthcare delivery who can control and guide the patient’s treatment process. The paper deals with the topic of the perception of pharmacists by patients receiving pharmaceutical health care in order to present the profession of pharmacist as a health care professional who performs irreplaceable roles in the health care delivery system. At the same time, it presents the historical development of the profession of pharmacist from the earliest periods to the present day, the requirements of legislation that regulate this profession and the challenges associated not only with the change in the orientation of pharmacy from drugs and medicines to the needs of the individual patient, but also with the current change in the perception of the profession of pharmacist as a consultant to the physician and a counsellor to the patient. The paper also introduces the Slovak Chamber of Pharmacists in order to raise awareness of the activities of this professional organization of pharmacists practicing their medical profession in the Slovak Republic.

Presentation / Poster

Influence of synthesis conditions on morphology and composition of electrochemically deposited NixSey films

Renata Palowska^1,2, Agnieszka Brzózka¹, Grzegorz D. Sulka¹

¹Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, POLAND
²Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences,  POLAND

e-mail: renata.palowska@doctoral.uj.edu.pl

Nickel selenides belong to a group of compounds considered for use as water splitting electrocatalysts, due to their favourable catalytic activity – towards both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER, respectively) – as well as good conductivity and stability. [1,2] Among available methods for NixSey synthesis, electrodeposition offers several advantages for electrocatalytic materials. Firstly, it enables direct preparation of the material on a conductive support, eliminating the need to use additional binders and current collectors. Additionally, the morphology and phase composition of the deposits can be controlled through the manipulation of deposition parameters, such as the deposition mode, applied current or potential values, time, temperature, and bath composition. In case of a system with multiple possible stoichiometries, like NixSey, it is especially important to examine the correlations between synthesis conditions and deposit properties. This work describes the influence of deposition conditions on the morphology and composition of electrodeposited NixSey layers. NixSey films were electrodeposited from a non-aqueous, ethaline-based baths containing NiCl2∙6H2O and SeO2, at 70°C, under either constant or pulsed potential regime. The morphology and elemental composition of obtained materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS); to determine crystallinity and phase composition, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements were carried out.

Acknowledgements
This research was supported by a Talent Management minigrant within the Priority Research Area Anthropocene, under the “Excellence initiative – research university” programme of the Polish Ministry of Education and Science.

References
[1] Yang, C.; Lu, Y.; Duan, W.; Kong, Z.; Huang, Z.; Yang, T.; Zou, Y.; Chen, R.; Wang, S. Energy Fuels 2021, 35 (18), 14283–14303.
[2] Peng, X.; Yan, Y.; Jin, X.; Huang, C.; Jin, W.; Gao, B.; Chu, P. K. Nano Energy 2020, 78, 105234.

Presentation/Poster

Synthesis and characterization of energy related nanomaterials

Grzegorz D. Sulka¹, Karolina Syrek¹, Joanna Kapusta-Kołodziej¹, Leszek Zaraska¹, Monika Sołtys-Mróz¹, Marta Zych¹, Karolina Gawlak¹, Krystyna Mika¹, Magdalena Gurgul¹, Daniel Piecha¹, Mateusz Szczerba¹, Mikołaj Kozak¹, Renata Palowska^1,2

¹Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30387 Krakow, POLAND
²Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences,  POLAND

e-mail: sulka@chemia.uj.edu.pl

Since hydrogen is a source of clean and renewable high-density energy, it is often considered as a promising alternative to replace partially fossil fuels or even completely eliminating them. However, there are several scientific and technological barriers that must be overcome in order to use environmentally friendly hydrogen energy. One of them is the development of new, inexpensive, active, and stable electrode materials for the efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. Nanostructured semiconductor-based photoelectrodes have gained tremendous attention due to their unique structural advantages compared with bulk counterparts, including fast and long-distance charge transport, efficient charge separation, large specific surface area and pore volume, as well as enhanced light absorption and scattering properties. Among diverse nanostructured semiconductors, metal oxides formed by anodization are commonly considered as promising materials for clean energy generation and storage technologies. Here, we present data on the optical, photoelectrochemical, and semiconducting properties of nanostructured anodic metal oxides (TiO2, WO3, SnO2, ZnO, and others) and some approaches of their modifications towards obtaining efficient electrode materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting applications (Fig. 1A) [1-3]. On the other hand, the synthesis of new types of nanostructured electrodes based on transition metal phosphides for electrochemical water splitting is still a great of interest (Fig. 1B). The proposed strategy combines a simple, cheap and environmentally friendly method such as electrodeposition of transition metal phosphides and selenides or metals (e.g., Ni, Co, etc.) in nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. In case when metals were deposited, controlled phosphorization and selenization was finally performed.

Figure 1. Nanostructured anodic metal oxides as electrode materials for photo- (A) and electrochemical (B) water splitting.

Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by National Science Centre, Poland (Project no. 2017/26/M/ST5/00715).

References
[1] M. Sołtys-Mróz at al., J. Power Sources 2021 507 230274.
[2] M. Zych,et al., J. Power Sources 2022 541 231656.
[3] K. Mika, et al., Electrochim. Acta 2022 414 140176.

Presentation by invited speaker

Modeling and Simulations in pharmacy practice

Dávid Paksi¹

¹J. Selye University, SLOVAKIA

e-mail: paksid@ujs.sk

Pharmacies are among the easily accessible healthcare facilities providing pharmaceutical healthcare services. Patients have the opportunity to consult with pharmacists about their health status, who are not only drug experts but also the final control point of drug therapy before drugs are dispensed to patients. In order for pharmacists to fulfill their role in pharmaceutical healthcare, it is necessary to ensure the efficient organization of the work of individual healthcare professionals. We carried out measurements in a selected pharmacy, which made it possible to determine, among other things, the arrival time of incoming patients and the average number of medicines purchased. Using the available measurement data, we created a queuing system that can simulate the operation of the pharmacy. The system can save time for other pharmacists, allowing them to devote themselves fully to other activities related to pharmaceutical healthcare, such as consultation, compounding, filling prescriptions or inventory management.

Presentation / Poster

Electrodeposition of cobalt selenide nanostructures from deep eutectic solvent

 Mikołaj Kozak^1,2, Agnieszka Brzózka¹, Grzegorz Sulka¹

¹Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, POLAND
²Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences,
Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, POLAND

e-mail: mikolaj.kozak@doctoral.uj.edu.pl

Transition-metal selenides are vigorously investigated because of their specific electronic, catalytic, and physicochemical properties. One of the most promising compounds from this group is cobalt selenide, which is examined for use in electrocatalysis, supercapacitors, batteries, and gas sensors [1,2,3].
In this research two cobalt selenide nanostructures were synthesized: thin film deposited on a graphite foil and nanowires electrodeposited in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). Both structures were electrodeposited from a nonaqueous bath based on a Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES). In this research, a solvent called ‘ethaline’ was used, which is composed of ethylene glycol and choline chloride in a 2:1 molar ratio. Replacement of aqueous solution with the eutectic solution enables electrodeposition in a wider potential window and prevents an oxide formation [4]. First, thin-film deposition was developed and optimized, and selected conditions were applied to nanowires electrodeposition.
The electrodeposition of thin films was performed in a three-electrode system at a temperature of 80 ° C. A working electrode was the degreased graphite foil, counter and pseudo-reference electrodes were platinum wires. Due to high viscosity of the electrodeposition bath, the solution was stirred during electroreduction.
Initially, electrodeposition was performed with five different constant potential values referred to reduction peaks on the cyclic voltammogram (-0,8V; -0,9V; -1,0V; -1,3V and -1,5V). The morphology and composition of obtained materials were examined by using SEM and EDX techniques. For the receive material with a composition close to stoichiometric (CoSe2) and less cracked, electrodeposition with potential pulses was applied. Thin films with optimal composition (31,2% Co and 32,2% Se) and morphology were synthesized under conditions: pulse “on”: E=-1,0V, t=1 ms;
pulse “off”: E=-0,75V, t=5ms, from the bath containing 0,1M CoCl2 and 0,05M SeO2. The deposition was carried out for one hour.
CoSe2 nanowires were electrodeposited info pores of the previously synthesized AAO membrane sputtered on one side with a gold layer to ensure electric contact. Obtained wires were smooth and continuous with the chemical composition of 38,9% Co and 61,1% Se.

References
[1] Nithya, V.D. Recent Advances in CoSe2 Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2021, 46, 36080–36102
[2] Masud, J.; Swesi, A.T.; Liyanage, W.P.; Nath, M. Cobalt Selenide Nanostructures: An Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst with High Current Density at Low Coverage. ACS applied materials & interfaces 2016, 8, 17292–17302.
[3] Zhang, X.; Gong, J.; Zhang, K.; Zhu, W.; Li, J.-C.; Ding, Q. All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Porous Cobalt Selenide Thin Films. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2019, 772, 25–32.
[4] Bernasconi, R.; Panzeri, G.; Accogli, A.; Liberale, F.; Nobili, L.; Magagnin, L. Electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvents. Intech. Prog. Dev. Lon. Liq 2017, 235–261.

Presentation / Poster

Use of drones in inventory management

József Udvaros¹

¹J. Selye University, SLOVAKIA

e-mail: udvarosj@ujs.sk

Today, the use of drones in inventory management offers new and efficient methods for inventory management tasks. Drones can bring significant efficiency gains and accuracy to the inventory control process through their automated and rapid inventory review capabilities, allowing companies to respond more quickly and accurately to market changes. The benefits of using drones are not limited to increased efficiency and accuracy, the use of drone technology can contribute to sustainability. On the one hand, drones can minimize the need for human resources, which means a reduction in labor costs and the possibility of other, more efficient uses of human resources. On the other hand, drones reduce the possibility of errors and increase the efficiency of work processes, resulting in less waste and greater economic efficiency. We place particular emphasis on drone route optimization, which can result in additional energy savings and time efficiency. Route optimization allows drones to complete tasks as quickly and with the least amount of energy as possible, further increasing the economic and environmental benefits of using drones. The use of drones in inventory management presents many potential benefits and challenges. One important challenge is navigation, especially when GPS signals are not available. We present a solution for inventory management without the use of GPS.

Presentation / Poster

Protection of small elements of cultural heritage using the creation of 3D models

Ondrej Takáč¹, Melinda Nagy¹

¹J. Selye University, SLOVAKIA

e-mail: takaco@ujs.sk